computer basics contd...

Control Unit
            This unit controls all inter-unit and inter-peripheral operations of computer. It selects, interprets and directs the execution of the program instructions, thus maintaining order and co-ordination of the entire system.
Arithmetic and Logic Unit(ALU)
             It performs the following functions:

• Arithmetic calculations such as addition,subtraction,multiplication and division.

• Logical decisions .

 To perform these functions
Control unit directs ALU ,what to do.
Memory feeds the data.
ALU performs the function and give the result.

Buses
       Bus is a circuit which provides a communication path between two or more devices. Microprocessor is connected to other units in the system by means of buses. Buses are of three types ,viz.,Address Bus,Data bus,and Control Bus.
       An address bus is used to specify the address of the memory from where data or instructions are to b sent or received. A data bus is used to send and receive data  in a microprocessor. Control bus is used to send or receive signals to coordinate the functioning of the processor with the input/output devices and memory.

COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE FOR BANK EXAMS

COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE FOR BANK EXAMS

COMPUTER BASICS:

 

Central Processing Unit: This is the main unit of the computer,which is being responsible for processing.It consists of following sub units.

• Memory

• control Unit

• ALU

 Memory
         It is a device that can accept data,hold them and deliver them on demand at later time.This memory is also known as primary storage section (PSS). Various types of memories are discussed below.
Random Access Memory(RAM)
        During the execution of  a program, the data needed by the program is stored in RAM,which provides a volatile storage,i,e., the data is lost in the event of a power failure.Also whenever new data is stored in RAM,the earlier data is erased and the new data takes its place.So, RAM is used to stored a data and program temporarily.
Read Only Memory (ROM)
       The programs that are always needed for running the machine are stored in ROM. It provide a non-volatile storage ,i,e.,the data does not get erased ,when the power is switched off.Since this program is stored in ROM,so it starts as soon as the computer is switched on,and makes the system ready to load the OS program in the memory. But the contents of ROM cannot be change ,however for more specialised uses
where a user may like his own special functions or programs to be performed, it is preferable to fabricate a ROM,on which a user can write his own program. Such ROMs are called Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM). Although PROM is also not a flexible memory as the information in it cannot be altered. EPROM have been fabricated to meet this requirement.
Secondary Memory
      As the contents of RAM are stored on temporary basis that is all data and programs are erased as soon as power is switched off,so for storing the data/programs permanently secondary memory is used. Sometimes it is also known as Secondary Storage. A number of input/output devices are used for this purposes like floppy Disk,Hard Disk,Magnetic Disk or tape etc..
Cache Memory
     It is  very high speed memory which is used to store portion of a program from the main memory temporarily.Data is transfer automatically between cache memory(buffer) and the primary storage so that the buffer is usually invisible to the application programmer.

      

TACIT: who doesnt speak much/silent
sym: implicit,inferred

TRITE: very common /unoriginal.
sym:banal,hackneyed

WRY: mocking
sym: sardonic,droll.

ABBERATION: deviated from thing normally occured or performed.
sym: anomaly,defect.

CATALOGUE: making a list of all items of a particular series.
sym: directory,index.

DEBUNK:exposing the falseness of other/to deprove.
sym: deflate,expose,show up.

DISPERATE: fundamentally different.
sym: diverse,varied

DUBIOUS: douthfull/uncertain.
sym: suspicious,unreliable.

FEABIBLE: possible
sym: attainable,viable

INNATE: something wich came right from the time of birth.
sym: congenitial,ingrained.

FACETIOUS: playfully humorous
sym: comical,droll,flippant.

FULMINATE: saying bad words to smebody/denounce loudly.
sym: furious,insense.

GARRULOUS: one who talks too much though not appreciated by others.
sym: verbose,loquacious.

LACONIC: not talkative/just talks to the point.
sym: concise,brief,monosyllabic.

LAMENT: showing regrete/express grief/mourns.
sym: bemoan,bewail,deplore.

PEJORATIVE: speaking negative tom humalisted others.
sym: derogetory,deprecatory.

RAPPORT: possitive feeling/agreement between two party.
sym: harmony, understanding.

REPARTEE: A very fast reply to other person and witty.
sym: wit,riposite.

ADAGE: something which is used for a long time/ a wise old saying.
              sym: dictum,maxim

ADAMANT: one who is willing to do only his thought.
              sym: resolute,unbending


BRUSQUE: ruth behaviour
eg: this is how you behave in a brusque manner.
sym: curt,gruff

CANDOR/CANDOUR: sincerity/openess
sym: truthfullness,bluntness

CAVIL:finding unecessary/ small false
sym: depricate,carp

COMPELLING: forcefull and convincing/which cannot deny
sym: cogent,irrefutable,gripping

DIDACTIC: teaching a lot with instruction

DISPARAGE: talking in negative way
sym: denigrate,deprecate

EMPHATIC:-saying in repeatable way/forceful speech
sym: forcefull,vigorous,catagories

Prefix

PREFIX:-

                                                               

  a/an------- ----->not/without

Eg:1. Athiest----somebody not believe in God

       Theist-----believe in God.

2.Archy----rule/order of government.

   Anarchy—no rule/no govt.

3. Anonymous: ---A person without identity.

4. Apathy----no feeling/ emotion.

               ab----------------->away from

eg: 

1.abduction: kidnap/taken away from his people.

2.aberrant: abnormal

                  bene/bon--------------->anything good/well

eg:

1.Beneficial--helpful

2.benevolent--who are philantrophis

                 chron---------->time

eg: 

1.chronology---study of things in timely order

2.chronic-----constant/say he has been suffering from chronic diesease.

3.chronicle---mantaining a record/history

                  circum----->around.

 eg. circumstances----revolving around a particular situation.

               de-------------> from/down/away

eg:

1.detach----discontinue

2.derange---moving away/disturbing

3.defy--disobey.

               dyn/dyna------------->power

eg:

1.dynamic------one who is full of energy

2.dynasty-----transfer of authority or power

               

                 

               

                                               

RETICENT: one who is not talkative/silent retirement from talking/shy
                    sym: reserved
SWAGGER: somebody who is bossful or strut
                    sym: show off ,parade

TEPID: something which is not too hot or too cold/say moderate in temperature.
                   sym: apethetic

TORPOR: laziness,inactive,dullness

TREPIDATION: Not sure/uncertainty

WARY: worry and scarry/on guard/watchfull

IMPORTANT WORDS

IMPORTANT WORD MEANINGS

ABHOR: Absolutely horrible or to hate something

            Eg. I abhor all the TV shows.

            Syn:Detest, loathe, abominate.

DIFFIDENT:Opposite to confident/ lack in confident.

            Syn: timid,shy 

ENERVATE: To weaken the strength of health.

            Syn: tire out,fatigue

FRENETIC: Extreme excitement and action

            Syn: lunatic,untamed

IMPETUOUS: Impulse gets to us/characterized by certain energy/emotion.

            Syn:impulsive, passionate

IMPLACABLE: Someone who is not calm/who cannot be satisfied easily.

            Sym: pitiless,unforgiving

LISTLESS: weak/inactive/lazy

            Sym: indolent,languid,lethargic

MERCURIAL: subjected to extreme and rapid changes in mood .

            Eg.Im mercurial

RANCOROUS: Hateful/anger plus

            Eg: you are rancorous or resentfull.

NOUN and the VERB

NOUN

COMMON NOUNS                                                                       PROPER NOUNS
         boy                                                                                                 john
         girl                                                                                                  mary

SINGULAR NOUNS                                                                       PLURAL NOUNS
        boy                                                                                                 boys
        girl                                                                                                  girls

SINGULAR POSSESSIVE                                                               PLURAL POSSESSIVE
       boy's                                                                                                boys'

Rules for changing singular noun to plural form:
Eg.Common  nouns:    pen--------->pens
      collective nouns:    Army------->armies
                                   lady--------->ladies
                                   baby--------->babies

Plural of the nouns ending with 'x' , 'sh'  , or 'ch' is form by adding es.

eg: box----->boxes
     brush----->brushes
     bench----->benches

'y'----before 'y' if a vovel comes ,then add only 's'.
  eg: donkey--->donkeys
        key------->keys

Compound nouns form their plural by adding 's' to the importand word.
eg: mother-in-law------->mothers-in-law
     step-son------------->step-sons

Some nouns are used in singular form.
eg:This scenery is beautiful
     All this information was wrong.

Some nouns are having same form both singular and plural.
eg:this deer or these deer.
    sheep---sheep
    fish---fish.

Some singular looks plural.
eg:physics
    mathematics
    news
    politics
    innings.

CONCRETE NOUNS:   which can see or touch.
ABSTRACT NOUNS:    cannt see but feeled.
       eg:Idea,honesty,bravery etc..
MATERISL NOUNS:     water,gold,wood.
COLLECTIVE NOUNS:  Group of things.
       eg: army,bunch etc..

The Verb

Definition:A verb is a  word that expresses the action or otherwise helps to make a statement .

Eg: He runs fast.

Kinds of Verb.
1.Action Verb: Express mental or physical action.
Eg: He rode the horse to victory.

2.Linking verb makes a statement by connecting the subject with a word that describes or explains it.
Eg: He has been sick.

A verb does two things in a sentance.

1. It shows action(eg.works) or the state of being(eg. is,was) of the subject.
eg:The boy walks to school.
     The flower is beautiful.

2.It shows the time of action(the tense)
eg: The boy walked to school.